Also known as "Saint Peter and Saint Paul Church" this is the largest of Matera’s rupestrian churches and dates back to the 12th century but has a baroque style front and three portals which have statues above them in niches.  They show the "Madonna of the Mercy", "Saint Peter" (over the left portal) and "Saint Paul" (over the right portal).

The side niches are surmounted by two rectangular windows and the central one by two single-lancet windows. There are a rose window and a bell tower with a pyramidal cusp on it. The central nave ceiling is adorned with 15th and 16th-century frescoes of "Jesus and Saint Peter" and "Saint Paul's conversion".

The 18th-century altar has a wooden polyptych dating back to 1540, painted by an anonymous artist from Matera. The missing altarpiece will remind you that Matera was almost abandoned in the 60s when many things were plundered.  The church originally had eight chapels, but the right four were demolished to build the oratory. In the fourth left chapel on the left-hand side, there is a baptismal font from the 13th century.