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Il Tabarro and Gianni and Schicchi

In 1912, Puccini saw the one-act play 'La Houppelande' (The Cloak) in Paris. For some time he had been thinking about composing three short operas to be given on the same evening, and which he later named Il Trittico, comprising Il Tabarro (The Cloak), Suor Angelica (Sister Angelica) and Gianni Schicchi. Puccini liked the stark, atmospheric flavour of the play and first Ferdinando Martini, who proved too slow however, then Giuseppe Adami set to work on the libretto. Puccini was also busy with 'La Rondine' at this time, and casting about for subjects for the other two short operas, so it was not until the end of 1916 that the opera was finished though he included changes again in 1921, when he replaced (Michele's original aria Scorri, fiume with Nulla! Silenzio!).